T
T Setting
A 'Time' setting mark found on some shutter controls. This setting
is used for shutter speeds that are longer than the specified
timed settings. The first press on the shutter leaves the shutter
open, and it stays open until the shutter is pressed for a second
time.
(see Shutter)
Tanks
Container for holding chemical solutions for processing films.
Some tanks are for darkroom use only; others must be loaded in
the dark, but can be used in daylight.
(see Daylight Tanks)
Technical camera
Not unlike a Field Camera but is made of metal (Large or
Medium format with movements on front and rear standards, but
less than a Monorail!). Used in the field and the Studio, a good
all rounder.
(see Field camera, Large format, Monorail, Movements & Standard)
Tele (telephoto)
A telephoto lens has a longer focal length and narrower field
of view than a normal lens and enlarges distant subjects. Depth
of field decreases as focal length increases. (Telephoto lens
construction: this allows a long focal length with short back
focus, making for relative compactness).
(see Depth of field, Long lens , Standard lens & Wide)
Test strip
Method of calculating exposure in photographic printing. A range
of exposures are given to a strip of paper, from part of the
image, this helps judge the correct exposure for the final print.
(see Exposure)
Thin
A negative that is underexposed or underdeveloped and therefore
appears less dense than a normal negative. A thin neg will need
a harder paper to print correctly.
(see Contrast, & Papergrade )
35mm
The most popular film size; 35mm wide with punched sprocket holes
and made for both still and motion picture cameras. In 1913,
Oscar Barnack, of 'Leitz ' first used it in a still camera when
he created the 'Leica' prototype using movie film stock. The
format is 24 x 36mm, unchanged from Barnack's prototype. In relation
to other formats, 35mm gives the best compromise between image
quality and versatility.
(see Format)
TIFF
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is a common file format used
in Digital Photography. This high quality file (which is lossless
compared with a JPEG) can also contain colour management profiles
and be colour separated.
(see JPEG & Lossy)
Tilt
A Large Format camera movement. Tilt the lens or film
standard to increase or decrease the depth of field.
(see Depth of field, Movements & Standard)
TLR
Twin Lens Reflex camera. A fixed mirror replaces the SLR's
flip-up mirror, so making this design very quiet. (Medium Format)
6cmx6cm. Rollei is the best known.
(see Medium format, Parallax error & SLR )
Tone
Cold tones (bluish) and warm tones (reddish) refer to the colour
of the image in both black-and-white and colour photographs.
(see Colour Cast)
Toning
Solutions called toners are used to change the colour of
a black and white photographic image. Various toners are available
which add there own Cold or Warm tones to the print (Sepia is
the most well known).
(see Tone)
Trannie
A positive photographic image on film, usually colour but can
be B&W, viewed or projected by light shining through the
film.
Transparency
(see Trannie)
TTL
Through The Lens: A metering system in which a light meter within
the camera body measures exposure from the image-forming light
that has passed through the lens.
(see Meter)
Tubes
(see Extension
tubes)
Tungsten film
Colour film balanced for non-daylight sources (usually studio-type
tungsten lamps) of 3200 or 3400K.
(see Colour balance)
Tungsten light
Artificial light from either tungsten filament or tungsten halogen
lamps.
(see Blonde, Redhead &
Tungsten film)
U
Ultraviolet(UV)
A Band of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum invisible
to the human eye which are shorter than the blue end of the spectrum.
All films are sensitive to some ultraviolet radiation. It shows
as increased haze, particularly in distant views and at high
altitudes, and may give a blue cast to a photograph.
Under exposed
A condition in which too little light reaches the film, producing
a thin negative, a dark trannie, or a muddy-looking print.
(see Contrast, Neg, Over
exposed, Thin & Paper grade)
Under printed & Under development
A reduction in development which is usually caused by a shortened
development time or a decrease in the temperature. It results
in a loss of density and a reduction in contrast.
(see Contrast & Dev.)
Uprating (up rated)
A technique in which the suggested film speed is deliberately
exceeded, by setting a higher speed on the camera, so causing
underexposure, and then balanced by overdevelopment. Also known
as "pushing". The opposite, shooting at an ISO rating
below that suggested, and underdeveloping, is known as "pulling".
(see Pulled , Pushed & ISO)
USM
USM (Ultra Sonic Motor) is a Canon devised Autofocus SLR lens
motor system. USM lenses are usually quicker to focus, more compact,
with greater operational simplicity and virtually silent compared
to their earlier 'Arc Form Drive'(AFD) cousins. USM lenses only
work with the Canon 'EOS' camera system, introduced in 1987.
(see SLR & EOS)
UV filter
Filter which may be used to absorb UV radiation, to reduce its
effect.
(see Ultraviolet)
V
Variable contrast paper
(see Multigrade paper)
View camera
Large format camera, which has a ground glass screen at the image
plane for viewing and focusing.
(see Baseboard, Field camera, Large format, Focusing
screen, Monorail & Technical)
Viewfinder
(See Finder)
Vignetting
Fall-off in illumination at the edges of an image. This can
be caused by poor lens design, using a hood not matched to the
lens, or using too many filters at the same time.
W
Wide
A Short focal length lens which takes in a greater angle
of view than a standard lens. Depth of field increases as focal
length decreases.
(see Focal length, Tele & Standard
lens)
Wide-angle lens
(see Wide)
White Balance
Depending on the lighting conditions, a pure white in a photograph
may appear slightly yellow or blue. The white balance control
settings on a "Digital Camera" will help to eliminate
unwanted colour bias by actually controlling the camera's colour
temperature response. C.C. filters or a specially balanced film
must be used when a film camera is utilized under the same lighting
conditions!
(see Colour Balance)
X
XD Picture Card
A very small memory card which uses flash memory as a base for
storing digital photos.
(see Compact Flash)
Z
Zone system
A system of 'relating exposure readings to tonal values' in picture-taking,
development and printing, popularized by the American photographer
Ansel Adams.
Zoom
A Lens which is constructed to allow a continuously variable
focal length; in effect, this gives you many lenses of different
focal lengths in one unit. (e.g. 80-200 mm).
(see Focal length, Standard lens, Tele & Wide)
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